Crystal meth is produced locally by Australian outlaw motorcycle gangs, along with Middle Eastern, eastern European, west African and Southeast Asian criminal groups

The role of ethnic crime is also examined, concluding that certain groups are more prone to use violence.
“The deliberate use of violence is a key feature of Middle Eastern organised crime groups,” it says.
“Persons, particularly of Lebanese background, have significantly escalated the level of violence within and between outlaw motorcycle gangs since they have become members over the past decade.”